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The LED driver functions similar to a fluorescent ballast in that it supplies the proper starting voltage and then regulates the current flowing through the lamp after startup. “An LED driver is the power supply for an LED system, much like a ballast is to a fluorescent or HID lighting system,” says Al Marble, Manager – Sales & Market Development for Philips/Advance Transformer. LEDs are low-voltage lamps, requiring a constant DC voltage or current to operate optimally. (Operating on low-voltage DC power enables LEDs to be easily adapted to different power supplies, permits longer standby power and increases safety.) An individual LED needs 2-4V of DC power and several hundred mA of current. When LEDs are connected in series in an array, higher voltage is required. The LED driver acts as this power supply. It converts incoming 120V (or other voltage) 60Hz AC power to the proper low-voltage DC power required by the LEDs. During operation, the LEDs must be protected from line-voltage fluctuations because changes in voltage can produce a disproportional change in current, which in turn changes light output. (LED light output is proportional to current and is rated for a current range. If current exceeds the manufacturer recommendations, the LEDs can become brighter but their light output can degrade at a faster rate due to heat, shortening useful life. Useful life may be defined as the point where light output declines by 30 percent.) The LED driver regulates the current flowing through the LED during operation and protects it from voltage fluctuations. Now that we understand their function, we can look at the types. LED drivers maybe constant voltage types (usually 10V, 12V and 24V) or constant current types (350mA, 700mA and 1A). Some drivers are manufactured to operate specific LED drivers or arrays, while others can operate most commonly available LEDs. LED drivers are usually compact enough to fit inside a junction box, include isolated Class 2 output for safe handling of the load, operate at high system efficiency, and offer remote operation of the power supply. |